Pollination Process on Plants and Flowers along with Examples
Pollination or we often call pollination is pollen on the surface of the pistil. In most interest, this incident means "fell on the head of the pistil". Pollination is an important part of the reproduction process of seed plants.
Successful pollination will be followed quickly by the growth of reed powders that enter the channel of the pistil towards the ovule. In the ovary the next important event occurs, fertilization.
Abiotic pollination refers more to situations where the pollination process is mediated without the involvement of other organisms. Only 10% of flowering plants are pollinated without help from animals. The usual form of abiotic pollination, anemophily, is pollination by the wind.
The form of pollination is more dominant on grass, mostly conifers, as well as many deciduous trees. Hydrophily is a process of pollination by water, and occurs in aquatic plants that release their pollen directly into the surrounding water (According to Effeh on Reduction in Financial Shortages Through the Promotion of Commercial Agriculture).
Pollination process almost 80% of the overall pollination of biotic plants. In gymnosperms, the biotic pollination process is usually incidental when it occurs, although some of the gymnosperms and their pollinators are mutually adapted for pollination.
The most famous is probably a member of the Cycadales involvement as well as species associated with beetles. Conifera Most anemophilous, which depend on wind pollination. Abiotic species are pollinated, hydrophilous 2% and 98% are anemophilous. Pollinated by water.
In general, the pollination process requires pollinators: organisms that move or carry pollen from the anther to the receptive part of the pistil. This is a biotic pollination process. The characteristics of the various flowers (and their combination) which are differentially attract one type of pollinator, or in other words known as pollination syndrome. In the wild there are about 200,000 types of animal pollinators, most of which are mostly insects.
Entomophily, the process of pollination carried out by insects often occurs in plants that have developed colored petals and very strong aromas to attract insects such as wasps, bees, beetles and sometimes ants (Hymenoptera), butterflies, flies, and moths.
In zoophily, the pollination process is carried out by vartebrates such as birds and bats, especially sunbirds, hummingbirds, fruit bats, honeyeaters, and spiderhunters. Plants adapted to use bats or moths as pollinators usually have white petals and a very strong aroma, and plants that use birds as pollinators are more inclined to develop red petals and rarely develop scents.
Anthropophily pollination process by humans, often artificial pollination used by hybridization techniques.
In agriculture, pollination management is a branch of agriculture that aims to protect and increase pollination present and often involves crocodiles and pollinators in monoculture situations, such as commercial fruit kebuh, the largest pollination process managed in the world is in California almond orchards, almost half (almost one million insects) from US honey bees truck to the almond orchards every spring.
Bees are also brought to commercial plants for drinking, strawberry labums, melons and other plants. Honey bees are not the only invaders managed, there are several other types of bees also distributed as pollinators.
Alfalfa leafcutter bees are important pollinators for alfalfa seeds in the western United States and Canada.
Once the importance of ecology and natural pollination by insects for agricultural crops, in order to improve the quality and quantity. Farming around forests or swords of wild grass with native pollinators near agricultural crops, such as apples, coffee or almonds can increase agricultural yield by almost 20%. The benefits of genuine pollination can increase agricultural output - a simple example of the economic value of an ecology
The American Institute of Biological Sciences reports that pollinating native insects saves the agricultural economy of the United States nearly $ 3.1 billion annually through the production of natural plants; pollination can produce products every year in the US alone.
the process of pollination in food crops has already occurred environmental issues, because of two trends. The tendency for monoculture facilities is that a sufficiently large concentration of pollination is needed when blooming than before, but this area is very lacking in greenery or even attracting bees for the theses seasons.
Other trends include population declines due to pesticide abuse, new diseases and bee parasites, clear-cutting, reduced beekeeping, suburban development, removal of fences and other habitats from animal husbandry, and community concern about bees. Extensive air spraying for mosquitoes because Wast Nile fears cause accelerated loss of pollinators.