Scholars are people who use intelligence to learn
Intellectual Understanding - Stages, Factors, Levels, Characteristics, Examples, Experts: Intellectual or we can also say Scholar is a person who uses intelligence to study, work, inspire, imagine and answer problems about various ideas.
Intellectual or we can also say Scholar is a person who uses intelligence to study, work, inspire, imagine and answer problems about various ideas. The word scholar is derived from kara "Chanakya, a politician in the Chanddragupta government of the Maurya Empire.
In general, there are three modern meanings for intellectual terms, namely: they are usually often involved in books and ideas; those who have expertise in arts and culture that give them cultural authority, and then use that authority to discuss other issues in the general public. This group is called "cultural intellectual". from the point of view of Marxism, they belong to the class of lawyers, teachers, lecturers, journalists, etc.
Intellectual Definition According to Experts. The Following Is An Intellectual Definition According To Experts.
Cattel (in Intellectual Property Right and Ethos of Research and Development), intellectuals are a combination of human traits seen in the ability to understand more complex relationships, all abstract thought processes, adjusting to problem solving and the ability to acquire new abilities.
William Sterm (in Sunarto, 1994), intellectuals are the ability to adapt to new needs by using thinking tools in accordance with their goals.
(Gunarsa, 1991), Intellectual is a collection of a person's ability to acquire knowledge and practice it in relation to the environment and the problems that arise.
David Wechsler (in Saifuddin Azwar, 1996), intellectuals as a collection or totality of a person's ability to act with specific goals, think rationally, and deal with the environment effectively.
Dictionary "Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language", Intellectual is the ability to think, observe or understand as well as the ability to observe relationships, differences, and so on.
Alfred Binet (in Sobani Irfan, 1986), intellectual is a capacity which includes the ability to: Reason and judge, Comprehend, Create and formulate specific directions of thinking, Adjusting the mind to the attainment of final results, Having the ability to self-criticize.
From the various definitions above it can be concluded that, intellectual is the ability to obtain various information, think abstractly, reasoning, and act efficiently and effectively. In addition, intellectuals are abilities that individuals carry from birth, intellectuals will develop if the environment allows and opportunities available so they can move and adjust to new situations.
Three Stages of Intellectual Development, According to August Comte there are three stages of intellectual development, which are developments from previous stages:
Theological Stage, The level of human thought is that all objects in the world have a soul and it is caused by different forces over humans.
The Metaphysical Stage, the human stage assumes that in every event there is a certain core or strength that can eventually be revealed.
Therefore there is a belief that every aspiration is related to reality and there is no effort to determine the same natural law.
Positive Stage, The stage in which humans begin to think scientifically. Factors That Influence Intellectual Development; According to Andi Mappiare (1982), things that affect intellectual development include: Increased information stored (in the brain) of a person so that he is able to think reflectively. The number of experiences and exercises to solve problems so that someone can think proportionally.
The existence of freedom of thought, raises one's courage in formulating radical hypotheses, freedom to explore problems as a whole, and support the courage of children to solve problems and draw new and correct conclusions.
Mute and False Scholars, Sharif Shaary said that a "scholar" is not only able to think about the truth but must speak out, whatever the obstacles are. A scholar who must not be neutral and must stand for truth and justice. He is "not allowed to be a silent scholar, unless he really can or is muted".